Friction element



E. A. WALES March 7, 1939.

FRICTION ELEMENT Filed July 26, 1937 J71 v rztarx 1?; ,5 zdzzes PatentedMar; 7, 193a wearing surfaces.

' elements suitable highly adaptable [able to such uses which combinesthe 30 the element. In formingmillboard asbestos fibers until thedesired thickness is obtained and the re- After the resultant sheetoffelted .fibersis-dried, "friction rings somewhat larger: thanthe dimen-',1 sions of the finished elementarev fromfandimpregnatedwith-anyioftheconv en- 40 tionalzand well-known heathardenabie binders in a, manner sovthat successive convolutions nest I 40 i s'uchras air oxidizableorvfibers mayzbe useddryandmixedwith dry, semiliquid: or liquid binder,;,in;;the; moldnor the mixaturemay be rusty-beaten. and szformed -,'mtQ-'; a doughyzmass and placed :inthe molds;

;Either ;'one, .vflbers maytbe used -.ato. ,produce=icertaln yvariableand desirable 2 characteristics: -01;

' critical and complex clutch requirements.

States patent to M. F. Judd No. 1,536,588 wherein the use of a fiber'features shown by United States Patent No.- 1,941,872 to HamiltonAbert,

- ing surface.

' UNITED STATES PATENT ,OFFICE mizifiiimm Y hwfileveiaml. ohicraosignorto Bay- Inc., Brldlcport, com, a corporation of 1m Application July as,1m, Serial No. 15am claims- (01. 192-101) Thisinvention relates toimprovements in fric-' desirable to form a moulding mix wherein the tionelements and particularly to a friction ring fibers and the binders areintermingled. Also primarily adapted to be used as a clutch-facingcertain elements of economy may be considered, for automotive usewherein the body of the clutch as for example, in the instance ofmillboard, confacing is formed of non-woven material, and has siderablewaste is encountered, as the fibers are superposed on portions of itssurface woven fabric first formed in a sheet and considerable wasteresults in the cutting thereo After impregnation the binder-impregnatedfibers may be press-cured under heat and pressure in amold so as tocompact the materials and enable them to be handled and to give thembody and coherence, although the pressure and heat are not sufficient toharden the binder or to press'it into final size or shape. Y I 1Preferably at this stage, there is superposed on the surfaces of thepartly formed friction ele- The object of this invention is to formfriction for clutch facings which are for use in various clutchconstructions or assemblies, such'as one or two clutch plateconstructions or multiple clutch plate constructionspand are adapted tomeet the modern In order to produce a friction element adapt- .I havedevised a construction use of a fiber clutch disk hav- A the United itbeing understood that woven may include braided or interlaced strands offibrous material, preferably asbestos fibers, and which may includewoven material having metallic reinforcements therein. This wovenpartialv facing has a radial width appreciably ring, and is superposedon the surfaces thereof so that it extends from either the outer or theI inner periphery thereof to a point spaced from outer peripheryrespectively. p This woven material may be formed in various maning someof thefeatures shown in clutch disk is shown and teeth are generated orformed on the inner or outer periphery of the ring, together with someof the wherein a nonking is combined with a woven wearwoven bac In myconstruction I may a friction made up ofasbestos or other pulp whereinthe.

-fibers may "be first formed in the form of mill-. n rs, as for examplannu a r n may e directly cut out of a sheet of material to requiredsize,

or this-may be formed from strips of material. -When formed of strips itwill of course be necessary to, impart a shaping step thereto as forexample,; by,. co ning. as set forth'in the above I mentioned p tent toAbert. Other forms of i wovemmaterialmay be used, as for example, that-ofthe Chevron? typevwherein .a strip of woven :materialislongitudinally folded andbent over 1-, and. woundin theformotapproximate ring size board or the fibers may be molded in the form ofin'theform of pulp arebuiltup'in successive layers on the roll of apapermaking machine sultant sheet later stripped from fthe machine.

diei-cut therea shingle type fabric may within each other, or v be.usedwherein short en t s 'of material a fi ld-w qve anrinasn' e sm ni jr'e vN Ye r na cr ll ma m be irr vl'o lv mn es t ew tnmai r .p fx e n smateria s read ngs-th fl qus-elmant hey .a1 [1 re-,"

' artially treated ahdflcom- V f r p e' ia hand cdvan ring may be,bonded to, the fibrous tnefin shed .various methods. For example,thei'woven 5o p y ri able binder. When the element is formedpf molded'pulp.-,.the

@012. these ,1methods of 1" "use. .ig'he' I a z i s by M amashern saaaisil ill ii. th s ,fil' sj' in .nct wrre ci thsr enande .fl a aa s i thewith directly in, the mold. anothen'm'ethod may provide foran annulardepression to be formed in the fibrous ring in the press-curingoperation product, and-55031501) the-samezendwaric swe known heathardening impregnating binders may;be used. 1'i'l?hus in some instancesit may be more desirable to have the fibers pre-felted in the form ofmillboard and later saturated with the binder, and in other instancesitmay be more ment a partialfacingof woven frictionmaterial, i

- or used for gear purposes.-

by means of the mold so that the woven ring may be placed in the formedrecess, or an annular recess may be cut into the fiber ring by anyconventional method and the woven ring placed in the recess ordepression so formed.

The combined rings are then subjected to' heat and pressure in a finalmolding and curing operation to reduce and compact the rings to therequired size and bond them together and to harden the binder and toform a firm bond between the two rings. This results in a hard, densestructured friction element, the Working surfaces of which are dividedinto two concentric areas, having different coefiicients of friction andretaining desirable features of two different types of frictionelements, namely, those of fibrous construction and those of wovenconstruction.

The disk formed in this manner may have genteeth which may be used toengage splines or keys, These teeth-may be formed during the moldingoperation or they may like, material.

the rings, the teeth beingformed on the peripheral portions on whichwoven material has not been bonded sothat they will have a clean andsharp structure and will wear evenly during use.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent uponconsideration of the following description and drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a face view of a portion of a clutch ring embodying myinvention.

Fig. 2 is a section thereof taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a face view ring embodying my invention showing a differentpositioning of the woven ring and generated. teeth from that of Fig. 1.

tion of a completed ring having a portion l0 formed of fibrous materialformed of felted fibers tion ring are'indicated at H, and as previouslystated maybe of woven, braided orother cloth- This cloth may be of asingle layerautomotive use or other'industrial use, or may be used asbrakes in certain types of machinery. If desired, the teeth l2 may beformed on the inner periphery of the friction ring, the depth of theteeth extending only into the portion thereof not faced with the wovenmaterial, and likewise, as shown in Fig. 3, teeth I3 may be generatedfrom the other periphery of the friction ring, their length notexceeding theradial thickness of the fibrous ring at itsun-cloth-covered face portion,

used without teeth,

' binder,

so that the woven material does not extend beyond the roots of theteeth.

While the drawing shows segments'of clutch facings having for thepurpose of illustration, teeth formed on portions only of theperipheries, it will be understood that when teeth are used they aregenerated on the complete inner or outer peripheries, or the facing maybe formed and the structure remaining the same. It will therefore beseen that the friction element which I have shown and described may beformed in various ways and of various materials, and I therefore wish itto be broadly construed as being a friction element in the form of anannular ring formed of non-woven fibers having form two concentric areasof varying facial characteristics. It is therefore obvious that thevarious changes in the details and .arrangement of parts may be made asherein shown and described, and I therefore do not wish to be restrictedthereto except as so limited by the appended claims.

I claim as myinvention:

1. An annular friction element comprising a body of fibrous structureand a hardened binder, and having superposed on a surface thereof andfibers and a hardened binder, and having an annular recess filled with abody comprising woven asbestos cloth and a binder.

4. An annular friction element having integral I teeth of homogenousstructure and-comprising felted fibers and a hardened binder, and havingan annular surface recess filled with a body comprising woven asbestoscloth and a binder, the roots of said teeth extending to a. pointadJacent said filled recess.

5. An annular friction element having integral teeth formed on one ofits concentric defining edges and comprising felted fibers and ahardened therewith and impressed thereon.

6. An annular friction element comprising a body formed of felted fibersand a heat hardened binder, and having embedded therein in annular formwoven asbestos cloth, said cloth extending to one periphery of saidring, and peripheral gear teeth formed on the opposite peripheralportion of said ring, the roots thereof extending to a point adjacentsaid cloth embedded area.

EARL A.

the surface areas thereof extending to

